Basic Battery Operation

Source: YouTube

The Basics of Battery Operation

Batteries function through the exchange of electrons between two chemical reactions: oxidation and reduction. What sets a battery apart from other oxidation/reduction reactions is the physical separation of these two reactions. This separation allows for the insertion of a load between the reactions. The voltage of a battery is determined by the electrochemical potential difference between the two reactions, while the current passing through the load is a result of the exchange of electrons between the reactions.

Components of a Battery

A battery comprises electrodes and electrolytes for both the oxidation and reduction reactions. The electrodes facilitate the transfer of electrons, with the anode being the site of the oxidation reaction (positive voltage) and the cathode being the site of the reduction reaction (negative voltage).

Role of Electrolyte

The electrolyte in a battery contains the chemical components necessary for the redox reactions to occur. It is vital for the electrolyte to be mobile so that ions can move between the electrodes to facilitate the reactions.

Electron Transfer and Ion Movement

During the discharging of a battery, electrons flow from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit. To maintain electrical neutrality, ion movement in the electrolyte complements the flow of electrons. In some battery systems, a separator is used to prevent direct contact between the anode and cathode.

Impact of Redox Reactions on Battery Properties

The redox reactions within a battery system influence its fundamental parameters and properties, such as capacity, charging/discharging performance, and overall efficiency. The configuration of the battery, including the electrode geometry and material, plays a crucial role in determining these properties.

Source: YouTube