Source: Smithsonian Magazine
Evolution of Photovoltaic Technology
Photovoltaic technology, the conversion of light into electricity, has a rich history of innovation and development. Let’s take a look at some key milestones in the evolution of photovoltaic devices.
Early Demonstrations of the Photovoltaic Effect
In the 19th century, Edmond Becquerel conducted experiments that led to the first demonstration of the photovoltaic effect. By illuminating electrodes with different types of light, including sunlight, he was able to generate electricity. Becquerel found that blue or ultraviolet light, along with electrodes coated with light-sensitive materials, produced the best results.
Discovery of the Photovoltaic Effect in Selenium
In 1877, Adams and Day discovered the photovoltaic effect in selenium. By pushing heated platinum contacts into cylinders of vitreous selenium, they were able to generate a current in the selenium simply by exposing it to light. This marked the first demonstration of the photovoltaic effect in a solid-state system.
Development of Thin-Film Photovoltaic Devices
In 1883, Fritts made significant advancements by compressing molten selenium between plates made from different metals, creating thin selenium films. By pressing a gold leaf onto the selenium surface, he developed the first thin-film photovoltaic devices. Fritts recognized the potential of these devices for low-cost energy generation and storage.
Advancements in Photovoltaic Cell Technology
Subsequent developments in the early 20th century led to the discovery of the rectifying action of the copper-cuprous oxide junction, paving the way for large-area rectifiers and photocells. This progress sparked renewed interest in selenium as a photovoltaic material, with improved devices being reported by researchers like Bergmann and Nix.
Overall, these early milestones laid the foundation for the continued advancement of photovoltaic technology, leading to the efficient and commercially viable solar cells we have today.
Source: Museum Of Solar Energy